Abstract
Bacterial infections frequently complicate the clinical course of cirrhotic patients with acute decompensation or ACLF, increasing morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of infection is therefore extremely important. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, urinary infections, pneumonia and bacteremia are the most common infections. In the last decades, antibiotic resistance has dramatically increased in cirrhosis all over the world, feature that complicate empirical antibiotic strategies. Antibiotic schedules should be nowadays tailored according to the severity of the infection and to the local epidemiological pattern of multiresistance, since prevalence and type of resistant organisms differ markedly among geographical regions. New strategies aimed at preventing infection and antibiotic resistance are being currently investigated.
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