Contributions to Knowledge of Subalpine Meadows in the Apuseni Mountains - Biharia Massif

Abstract

The main purpose of this work is the development of a phytocenologic, ecological, bioeconomic and eco-protective study of the natural meadows dominated by Festuca nigrescens and Scorzonera rosea in the Biharia Massif, Western Carpathians. In order to achieve the objectives pursued, a number of 11 phytocenologic surveys were performed on the most representative sample surfaces, homogeneous in terms of flora, with the same seasonal requirements and a similar physiognomy. The species from the floristic inventory were recorded in the association table subordinated to the corresponding coenotaxa, alliance, order, class, noted with the corresponding abundance and dominance coefficients. As a result, the phytocenoses of the association Scorzonero roseae Festucetum nigricantis were surveyed on the basis of tables, charts, diagrams, histograms on the distribution of species according to the ecological factors i.e. humidity, temperature, soil chemical reaction, ecological categories of bioforms, phytogeographic and cytogenetic elements. The succession dynamics, the importance, and the sustainable and eco-protective management of these meadows were dealt with in our study. The results thus obtained were compared with four reference papers of some authors who have carried out research in different geographical areas. We found the rare, endangered, endemic species for which suitable household and conservation measures have been proposed.