Abstract
Critical thinking is an attribute of consciousness that can be manifested in all human activities where it is required, as a condition of possibility, in the use of critical reason and deliberation. Consequently, it is in the domains of politics that critical thinking is used more frequently, to discuss the scope and concrete significance of the discourses and practices that, from the exercise of public powers, are deployed on intelligent citizenship and with the minimum necessary of information for peer deliberation. The objective of this article is to deconstruct the most common contributions of critical thinking as a form of participation and political deliberation. Methodologically it is a research of documentary design developed in the coordinates of the philosophical essay, next to the Latin American philosopher and the revision of the most popular political theory. Among the main findings, the idea that critical thinking is not the exclusive patrimony of certain self-defined political and ideological tendencies as progressive in the region stands out. It is concluded that, this way of thinking is uncomfortable per se for all the paradigms that serve as the basis for the status quo, in politics and society.
Highlights
The notion of critical thinking acquires various ideo-political denotations and connotations that depend on discourse and context where it is used as a deliberative tool
The constructivism postulates that the social reality is the result of the intersubjective articulation of the different particular realities that are produced from the psychological capacities of each one, within the framework of certain sociocultural conditions that vary dynamically over time and the space. When we involve this paradigm in interdisciplinary research on the phenomenon of power and, on high-point issues such as: critical thinking and political participation / deliberation, a cognitive space is revealed and this values the conditions, the symbolic dimension of knowledge and ways of thinking, intimately related to social representations or collective imaginary and; the material dimension or objectivity of reality, which accounts for the concrete effects that the exercise of criticality has on power in its different expressions and modalities
Criticality can be present in any political project, as long as reason is given as a central condition for improvement an unique thinking, an ideology that leads to fanaticism, closing the doors to intersubjective dialogue, pluralism and achievement of agreements based on arguments, key purposes of a democratic system (Pérez-Estévez, 2012)
Summary
The notion of critical thinking acquires various ideo-political denotations and connotations that depend on discourse and context where it is used as a deliberative tool. The etymology of the word criticism comes from the Greek word κρÎσις (kri), which implies establishing a judgment or making a decision For this reason, when talking about critical thinking, in general terms, it makes reference to questioning and assessment exercises, which allow to express a judgment or a position regarding a fact, phenomenon or idea. In this way, critical thinking investigations are common in areas as diverse as: political science, philosophy, social psychology, business administration and political leadership, among many others. The counterhegemonic discourse that serves as a vehicle for critical thinking, is accompanied by proposals, simple or complex, abstract or concrete to formulate orders or alternative paradigms to the dominant ones, but it does not necessarily have to be this way, since every well-reasoned criticism is enough by itself
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