Contribution of ultrasound and slightly acid electrolytic water combination on inactivating Rhizopus stolonifer in sweet potato

Abstract

Effects of ultrasound (US, 300, 400, and 500 W) and slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW, 10, 30, and 50 mg/L) combination on inactivating Rhizopus stolonifer in sweet potato tuberous roots (TRs) were investigated. US at 300, 400, and 500 W simultaneous SAEW with available chlorine concentration of 50 mg/L at 40 and 55 °C for 10 min significantly inhibited colony diameters (from 90.00 to 6.00–71.62 mm) and spores germination (p < 0.05). US + SAEW treatment could destroy cell membrane integrity and lead to the leakage of nucleic acids and proteins (p < 0.05). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy results showed that US + SAEW treatment could damage ultrastructure of R. stolonifer, resulted in severe cell-wall pitting, completely disrupted into debris, apparent separation of plasma wall, massive vacuoles space, and indistinct intracellular organelles. US500 + SAEW50 treatment at 40 and 55 °C increased cell membrane permeability, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential of R. stolonifer. In addition, US500 + SAEW50 at 40 °C and US300 + SAEW50 at 55 °C controlled R. stolonifer growth in sweet potato TRs during 20 days of storage, suggesting effective inhibition on the infection of R. stolonifer. Therefore, US + SAEW treatment could be a new efficient alternative method for storing and preserving sweet potato TRs.