Abstract
The skin is constantly exposed to various environmental stresses, in particular to the damage caused by pollution and ultraviolet radiation (UV), and as a consequence, the horny extract can be negatively impacted by the harmful influence of some of its surface components. The mechanisms involved in the degradation processes promoted by UV radiation are driven by the direct absorption of radiation via cellular chromophores, the formation of excited states and the consequent chemical reactions, or even by the photosensitization mechanisms, in which UV light is absorbed by the sensitizers that are excited and their reactions promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mechanisms of polluting agents are not yet fully understood, however, they indicate that one of the main mechanisms involved is oxidative stress by lipid peroxidation, with the ability to promote damage to the composition of sebum, the quality of the stratum corneum and also, promote aging skin. Recent studies demonstrate the potential of antioxidant agents, with an emphasis on products of natural origin, which try to promote the maintenance of the physiological balance of the skin.
Highlights
The skin is exposed to several types of environmental stress, of different natures and intensities and there is a lack of data that associate air pollution and skin diseases
In an in vitro investigation of the cutaneous impact of pollution combined with exposure to sunlight, pollutants (PAH, particulate matter (PM) or PM extract) irradiated with UVA were associated with a significant phototoxic effect equal to or greater than that produced by d-ultraviolet radiation (UV), and the result suggested that exposure to this photo-pollution stress may impair skin homeostasis and aggravate skin damage induced by sunlight [9]
This study revealed that soy extract in vitro reduced the UV-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which suggests that it exerts anti-inflammatory activity, and inhibits angiogenesis and tumor progression
Summary
The skin is exposed to several types of environmental stress, of different natures and intensities and there is a lack of data that associate air pollution and skin diseases. UV radiation can be absorbed by a wide variety of skin molecules, with absorption, the molecules can undergo chemical changes, asdeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is one of the molecules that has the greatest ability to absorb UV radiation and, undergo neoplastic mutations and transformations Another harmful action attributed to UV radiation is the ability to activate the components of the skin’s immune system, promoting an inflammatory response through several mechanisms. Human cell culture demonstrated sensitivity to the toxic effects of pollutants present in the air; one of the important processes involved in the damage caused to the skin by pollution and UV radiation is peroxidation. Studies about antioxidants have been increasing over the last few years The use of these substances could be useful to improve skin conditions against pollution and UV radiation. Specific studies should be a trend in the coming years [5,9,11,12]
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