Contribution of Regulatory T Cell Methylation Modifications to the Pathogenesis of Allergic Airway Diseases.

Jian Song,Jiani Li,Cuida Meng,Jichao Sha,Liwei Sun,Dongdong Zhu

doi:10.1155/2021/5590217

Abstract

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a subtype of CD4+ T cells that play a significant role in the protection from autoimmunity and the maintenance of immune tolerance via immune regulation. Epigenetic modifications of Treg cells (i.e., cytosine methylation at the promoter region of the transcription factor, Forkhead Box P3) have been found to be closely associated with allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergies. In this study, we highlighted the recent evidence on the contribution of epigenetic modifications in Treg cells to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Moreover, we also discussed directions for future clinical treatment approaches, with a particular emphasis on Treg cell-targeted therapies for allergic disorders.

Highlights

Allergic diseases constitute a group of chronic inflammatory diseases that include allergic bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), allergic conjunctivitis, and food allergies
These disorders are commonly known as atopic diseases, characterized by extensive clinical manifestations that are primarily mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE)
Epigenetic modifications are essential to Treg function and the stability of Forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) expression

Summary

Introduction

Allergic diseases constitute a group of chronic inflammatory diseases that include allergic bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), allergic conjunctivitis, and food allergies These disorders are commonly known as atopic diseases, characterized by extensive clinical manifestations that are primarily mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE). Increased exposure to a comprehensive list of environmental risk factors can contribute to the development of asthma and other allergic disorders. These factors include tobacco smoke, allergen exposure, SO2, and NO2 pollution. Environmental factors, such as active/secondhand smoke, exposure to pets, household dampness, and molds, could affect nasal epithelial DNA methylation, which contributes to asthma and rhinitis. We highlighted the role of epigenetic modifications (i.e., DNA methylation) of Treg cells in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders. Epigenetic modifications are essential to Treg function and the stability of Foxp expression

Status of Treg Cells in Allergic Diseases

Mechanisms and Significance of

CNS3 2-11

Cytokine Alterations Mediated by Treg DNA Methylation

Gene Targeting Therapy of Treg Cells

Summary