Contribution of polymorphic variants of the NFKB1 transcription factor gene to the development of multifactorial diseases with an infammatory component

Abstract

NFKB1 — a product of the same-name gene – is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of target genes which encode a wide range of proteins with properties essential for functioning of the body. Numerous studies confrmed the NFKB1 gene's contribution of the polymorphism to the processes of adaptation to climatic and geographical conditions, protection from infectious agents, as well as the pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases. In the materials supplied with the article is a summary of the results of published population-genetic and cohort studies of NFKB1. Summary data on the requencies of NFKB1 gene alleles (rs28362491, rs230521, rs4648068, rs3774937, rs3774959) in the population of Europe, Africa, South and East Asia, America, Eastern Russia and Siberia (according to the open databases from 1000 Genomes and Siberian projects) illustrates the pronounced genetic differentiation of world populations by polymorphic variants of NFKB1, which indirectly confrms their selective role. The signifcance of the aforementioned polymorphisms in the etiology and pathogenesis in a number of socially signifcant nosological forms was studied according to an analysis of materials from articles posted on NCBI platform from 2008 to 2021. As a result of deconstructing the data, it was found that changes in the structure of the promoter (del) and introns (SNP polymorphism) are able to modify the activity of the transcription factor NFKB1, through a change in the expression of the gene and the activity of its product. This information forms an ambiguous picture of associations of the NFKB1 gene polymorphic variants with oncological (ovarian, stomach, breast, bladder, colorectal cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, melanoma), cardiovascular (coronary heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, varicose veins), autoimmune and chronic infammatory diseases (obesity, chronic hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Behcet's disease, psoriasis, acute infammatory reactions to the graft). Ambiguity of the established associative relations could be due to the modifying infuence of ethnic and population characteristics, as well as intensity of the infuence of phlogogenic factors. Nevertheless, the summarized data and generalizations published in the materials of the article can be used in development of a strategy for basic and screening studies in context of the etiology and pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases.