Abstract
<p class="IsiAbstrakIndo">Wild bee pollinators (Hymenoptera : Apiade) diversity and abundance were studied in three types of plantation forest on Mt. Slamet (Central Java Province, Indonesia). The aims of the research was to know the diversity and abundance of wild bee pollinators and to determine the possibility of plantation forest contribution on wild bees conservation. Sampling has been done at three stands: a pine forest (PF, with <em>Pinus merkusii</em>), an Agathis forest (AF, with <em>Agathis damara</em>) and a community forest (CF, with <em>Albizia falctaria</em>). Each habitat was divided into 5 line transect (100 x 5 m) and sweep nets were used to collect the wild bee samples. Sampling was done eah month from April to August 2015. The diversity of wild bees was high (12 species in 9 genera; members of the Apidae (7 species were dominant). <span lang="EN-GB">The most abundant species across the forests were </span><em>Apis cerana</em><span lang="EN-GB"> (343 individuals; 25.5% of total), </span><em>Trigona laeviceps</em><span lang="EN-GB"> (195 individuals; 14.5%), and </span><em>Megachille relativa </em><span lang="EN-GB">(165 individuals; 12.3%)</span>. Measurements of species diversity (<em>H</em>’), species evenness (<em>E</em>), habitat similarity (<em>Ss</em>) and species richness indicated that the wild bee species diversity in the region was relatively high <span lang="EN-GB">(</span><em>H</em>’ = <span lang="EN-GB">1.275)</span> to <span lang="EN-GB">(</span><em>H</em>’<span lang="EN-GB"> = 1.730);</span><span lang="EN-GB">(</span>E= <span lang="EN-GB">0.870)</span> to<span lang="EN-GB"> (</span>E = <span lang="EN-GB">0.93)</span>. The result showed that t<span lang="EN-GB">he </span>diversity of wild bees<span lang="EN-GB"> in three different plantation forest habitats on Mt. Slamet were similar </span>and can be concluded that plantation<span lang="EN-GB"> forest types were important for pollinator conservation, and an appropriate future preservation strategy should include of the areas of all </span>plantation <span lang="EN-GB">forest types.</span></p>
Highlights
The bee fauna of the Indomalayan regions is the poorest (89 genera) in the world compared to the other regions, because the higest bee diversity was in arid temperates regions (Corlett, 2004), bees are recognized as important pollinators for both crops and wild plants worldwide (Klein et al, 2008; Potts et al, 2010)
The abundance and species richness of wildbees negatively affected by habitat loss and fragmentation (Winfree et al, 2010), but according to Taki et al, (2013) only extreme habitat loss have negatively impacts the abundance and species richness of wild bees
Three study sites with different types of plantation forest were selected: pine forest (PF), Agathis forest (AF), and community forest (CF), all of which were located at altitudes of 880-929 m above sea level (a.s.l.) (Table 1)
Summary
The bee fauna of the Indomalayan regions is the poorest (89 genera) in the world compared to the other regions, because the higest bee diversity was in arid temperates regions (Corlett, 2004), bees are recognized as important pollinators for both crops and wild plants worldwide (Klein et al, 2008; Potts et al, 2010). Most bees are solitary but many nest communally and eusocial species with female castes are found in the families Halictidae and Apidae (Corlett, 2004). Almost all of the tropical wild bees depend on forest habitat for food and nesting resouces for survival and reproduction. The importance of forest habitat to bees may not be the same in tropical areas. Moderate disturbances in forests, including cultivated plantations, may help maintain pollinator abundance and diversity by expanding the cover of herbaceous plant species, thereby increasing nectar and pollen availability (Winfree et al, 2007). The low density of overstorey trees in plantation stands allows sunlight to penetrate through to the forest floor, where it supports the growth of diverse understory taxa that maintain abundant populations of many bee species
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