Abstract
Coffee cultivation is one of the main agricultural activities in Colombia, which increases the well-being of coffee-growing families. In order to determine the impact of coffee production, the capital endowment and well-being of coffee-growing families in the municipality of Pitalito, in the south of Colombia, were analyzed using the community capital index (CCI). Likewise, the relationships between the variables were identified through a Pearson correlation analysis, and the increase in well-being was identified and modeled by employing structural equations. The structural equation model showed a suitable fit to the data, indicated by the non-significant value of the χ2 statistic (p = 0.85), a high CFI (0.97), a low RMSEA (<0.001), a low stability index (0.23) and a low variance inflation factor (VIF = 1.42). At the capital level, political capital in synergy with social capital increased the well-being of coffee-growing families; meanwhile, capitals such as natural and physical-built capital did not have the greatest impact on well-being. Political capital variables such as the “possession of the coffee identification card” (CPI), as well as the variable “participates in the activities carried out by the community action board of the village” (PAC), increased by 9.9% and 8.66%, respectively, in the well-being of coffee-growing families measured by the CCI. The social capital variables that boosted the CCI were the benefits of the National Federation of Coffee Growers (FNC) (BFN, %V(variation): 8.32) and associativity (Aso, %V: 7.51). Other variables that make up human capital with high incidence in the CCI were family size (FSi) and the number of people who can read in the family (FLE) with a variation of 9.12% and 8.6%, respectively. However, other variables such as labor cost for disease management (CDM) and labor cost for harvesting (HCL) had no significant effect on the variation of the CCI. It was found that the level of well-being increases due to variables such as associativity and participation in grassroots organizations in the community, such as being a member of the National Federation of Coffee Growers, a quality represented by the possession of a coffee identification card that, in synergy with other variables, reduce inequality and poverty.
Highlights
World coffee production amounted to 169.6 million coffee bags (60 kg each) for 2020/21, and around 125 million people worldwide depending on this activity for their livelihood [1].Coffee production in Colombia, one of the three largest coffee producers, amounted to8.9% of the world’s total [1] in 2020
We proposed to answer the following questions: (i.) What is the level of the relationship between the variables that make up the capitals? (ii.) What is the synergy between different capitals and their relationship with the community capital index (CCI) of coffee households? (iii.) What variables of each capital affect the CCI in the coffee households in the upward or downward spiral? (iv.) Which variables of each capital affect the CCI in the coffee households in the upward or downward spiral? It is expected that some variables that make up the capitals, or the capitals themselves, have a greater incidence on the welfare measured by the CCI
Analyzing the relationships between the variables that make up the different capitals (Figure 1), we found, for example, that the possession of a coffee ID (CPI) of the political capital presents a high positive relationship with variables of the social capital such as years of association (MYA) and associativity (Aso); this same variable (CPI) correlated negatively with the size of the land (PSz), a variable of the physical-constructed capital (Table 1)
Summary
World coffee production amounted to 169.6 million coffee bags (60 kg each) for 2020/21, and around 125 million people worldwide depending on this activity for their livelihood [1].Coffee production in Colombia, one of the three largest coffee producers, amounted to8.9% of the world’s total [1] in 2020. Coffee production in Colombia, one of the three largest coffee producers, amounted to. About 540,362 coffee producers were registered in the same year, living in 483,389 households, for a total population of 1,498,526 people across. 23 departments [2,3] and contributing to 0.9% of total GDP Allows a comparison of well-being in coffee farming families in southern Colombia, mainly due to the synergy between social and political capital [9]. These capitals enable the construction of assets upon assets, which led to the effect of an “upward spiral” [11]
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