Abstract
The patho-mechanism of changes in the thyroid gland, including carcinogenesis, is a complex process, which involves oxidative stress. The goal of our investigation was to verify the extent of stress in the thyroid gland related to glycation. The study samples were comprised of blood sera, thyroid, and adipose tissue sections probed from 37 patients diagnosed with thyroid cancers and goiter. Using immuno-enzymatic and fluorometric assays we analyzed the content of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), pentosidine, receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), scavenger receptor class (SR)-A, SR-B, glutathione, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide synthase. In addition to classic AGEs, a recent study detected the melibiose-derived glycation (MAGE) product. We demonstrated the presence of AGEs, MAGE and their receptors of the RAGE and SR-A. In addition, in the control samples of thyroid glands SR-B groups were detected as well as of pathological groups without noticeable tendency to antigen concentration in the area of carcinogenesis. Fluorescent AGEs correlate positively with glutathione, which supports the assumption that glycation stress leads to augmentation of oxidative stress and increase of the intensity of antioxidant mechanisms.
Highlights
The primary function of the thyroid gland is the production, storage, and release of hormones to the blood
Thyroid cancer may occur at any age, but it is rare in childhood
Our work contains new data on the content of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), pentosidine, receptors for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), scavenger receptor class (SR)-A, SR-B, glutathione, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide synthase in material from patients diagnosed with thyroid cancers and goitre
Summary
The primary function of the thyroid gland is the production, storage, and release of hormones to the blood. The thyroid parenchyma primarily consists of vesicles lined with a single-celled cubic epithelium, in which three hormones are synthesized: T3 (L-3,5,30 Triiodothyronine), T4 (Thyroxine, L-3,5,30 ,50 -Tetraiodothyronine) and C cells responsible for calcitonin production [1]. Based on Sherman [2], thyroid cancer accounts for about 1% of de novo detected malignant tumors, and women were documented at higher risk to succumb from cancer than men (1.5% vs 0.5%). Thyroid cancer may occur at any age, but it is rare in childhood. Most tumors are diagnosed during the third to sixth decade of life. Thyroid cancer accounts for 25% of all malignancies diagnosed in young people between 20 and 40 years old [3]
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