Contribution of Expiratory Abdominal Muscle Recruitment in the Perinatal Period Across Sleep Wake Cycles

Abstract

Breathing and sleeping are homeostatically regulated processes that are necessary for survival. During sleep, specifically rapid eye movement sleep, breathing is more frequently prone to irregularities in both humans and rodents, especially in preterm and full term newborns. Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated the occurrence of frequent recruitment of abdominal muscle activity in adult rats during REM sleep, despite REM induced postural muscle atonia. This recruitment was also associated with increased tidal volume and increased respiratory stabilityLittle is known about occurrence of expiratory activity in perinatal rats, specifically across sleep states, and how this recruitment contributes to ventilation. In this study our objective is to investigate the occurrence and the significance of expiratory modulated abdominal muscle recruitment across sleep wake cycles in the postnatal period (postnatal day, P0 to P14) of rats. We hypothesize that in the postnatal period, expiratory muscle activity is also recruited across sleep states and its recruitment contributes to stabilize ventilation, specifically during irregular breathing.We instrumented newborn and juvenile rats with EMG electrodes in neck, intercostal and abdominal muscles and recorded breathing parameters and overt behavior inside a whole body plethysmograph.Our results suggest that neonatal rats experience frequent abdominal muscle recruitment events, which occur in both active and quiet sleep. Our results further indicate that respiratory rate is less variable with onset of abdominal muscle recruitment in active sleep. We conclude that occurrence of expiratory activity is associated with stabilization and potentiation of ventilation during sleep in the postnatal period.Support or Funding InformationNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Women and Childrens Health Research Institute, NSERC, CIHR