Contribution of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the investigation of iron deficiency anaemia at the Sikasso Hospital

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Iron deficiency is the most widespread nutritional deficit worldwide and is estimated to affect 1 billion people. The objective of our work was to determine the value of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anaemia at the Sikasso hospital. METHODS: this was a retrospective, descriptive study conducted between November 2016 and March 2018 in the hepato-gastroenterology unit of Sikasso hospital. Data from patients with iron deficiency anaemia who did esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with gastric biopsies were used. These data were entered in Excel then analysed with the version 7.0 of the Epi-info software. RESULTS: a total of 57 patients were included in our study. The average age was 40.2 years (16-83). The sex ratio (male / female) was 0.5. The esophagogastroduodenoscopy performed revealed antrofundic gastritis (80.70%), bulbar ulcer (5.26%), chronic gastric ulcer (1.75%), budding gastric process (2 cases) and grade I oesophageal varicose veins (2.50%). The anatomo-pathological examinations carried out revealed helicobacter pylori in 31 patients, chronic antritis (57.89%), chronic funditis (49.12%), non-specific interstitial duodenitis (43.85%) and villous atrophy (31.57%). Celiac disease was reported in 5.26%, gastric kitten ring cell tumour was present in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: in this study, the esophagogastroduodenoscopy performed greatly contributed to the diagnosis of the recorded cases of iron deficiency anaemia. The realization of biopsies in the recorded cases was decisive in the obvious diagnosis of the pathologies in question.