Abstract
Recent findings on microstructure formation in polymer-cement concrete are presented. There is strong evidence that interactions between polymers and cement minerals are not only of physical nature but also of chemical nature. Chemical interactions and bonds are nanoscale phenomena. They can increase adhesion between phases and improve mechanical and physical properties of the composite material. The combination of polymers with cement concrete only dates back to the beginning of the twentieth century. However, natural polymers were already used in ancient times to enhance the properties and durability of plasters, mortars, and concretes. Analysis of the composition of ancient binders and mortars with proven durability reveals the hardening activation methods. These methods are applied to improve the hydration mechanisms of pozzolans and industrial by-products to develop more sustainable binders for construction industry.
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