Abstract

研究历史品种产量潜力变化规律有助于提高小麦育种水平。2007—2009连续2年度将来自四川、云南、甘肃和新疆的代表性59个品种分别种植在四川成都、云南丽江、甘肃武威和新疆昌吉,在肥水供应充足、控制病虫害和倒伏的条件下分析了产量和相关农艺性状的变化趋势。结果表明,四川、云南、甘肃和新疆品种的产量随育成年份显著增加,年遗传增益分别为0.73%、0.34%、0.58%和1.43%。产量遗传增益四川品种表现与产量构成因子关系不密切;云南品种主要表现为减少穗数和增加穗粒数;甘肃品种主要表现为增加穗粒数;新疆品种主要表现为增加主穗粒重和收获指数,并与成熟期提早及株高降低有一定关系。各地区品种中 Rht-B1b 和 Rht-D1b 矮秆基因均来自CIMMYT种质,其产量潜力的提高主要得益于CIMMYT种质的引进和有效利用,在四川和云南,CIMMYT种质的主要贡献是提高品种的条锈病抗性;而在甘肃和新疆,其被利用的主要特性是矮秆、高产、穗粒数多及广泛适应性。

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