Abstract
The works of Lazare and Sadi Carnots are reviewed emphasizing their contribution to the caloric theory of heat, which is consequently analyzed in terms of an alternative thermodynamic approach. In the framework of the caloric theory the elementary derivation of the efficiency of real heat engines, ηK=1−tr(T 2/T 1), is given which is a direct consequence of linearity of Fourier’s law of heat transfer.
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