Abstract
The ways that organisms respond to climatic oscillations depend on a wide range of factors, including life-history, behaviour, thermal preferences and physiology, and ecology. To investigate these processes, we compared the phylogeographic patterns found in Lampetra fluviatilis and Petromyzon marinus in Europe. We reanalysed all molecular data available for the mitochondrial non-coding region subunit I for both species. For L. fluviatilis, we also analyzed new and existing data for ATPase subunits 6 and 8, which cover a wider geographic range. In L. fluviatilis, both gene diversity and nucleotide diversity are at least three times higher than in P. marinus in Europe. L. fluviatilis shows population differentiation in Europe and displays a deeper haplotype network, with no predominance of an ancestral haplotype, which contrasts with a star-like pattern for P. marinus. Bayesian skyline plots for the two species fit exponential models and, with estimates of the times to the most recent common ancestor in each species, indicate that P. marinus has much younger populations in Europe, supporting the hypothesis of its relatively recent migration from North America. The differences in phylogeographic structures of these two species are discussed considering the likely effects of differences in their thermal preferences, migration abilities, and times available for diversification.
Highlights
The way organisms respond to climatic oscillations like the glacial cycles of the Pleistocene is depend‐ ent on a wide range of factors, like life‐history, behaviour, thermal preferences and physiology, ecological optima previously evolved and specific habitat requirements
We studied the phylogeography of L. fluviatilis and reanalysed the data available from European P. marinus to compare the phylogeographic pat‐ terns and the historical demography between these two species
Phylogeographic patterns in Lampetra fluviatilis differ sharply from those of Petromyzon marinus in Europe
Summary
The way organisms respond to climatic oscillations like the glacial cycles of the Pleistocene is depend‐ ent on a wide range of factors, like life‐history, behaviour, thermal preferences and physiology, ecological optima previously evolved and specific habitat requirements This means that even closely related species may respond very differ‐ ently to historical climatic conditions and to modern ecological discontinuities that sometimes represent a dispersal barrier for a number of spe‐ cies, while being highly permeable to migration by others (Domingues et al 2006, Patarnello et al 2007, Domingues et al 2008, Neethling et al 2008, Ayre et al 2009, Larmuseau et al 2009, Pelc et al 2009; but see Dawson 2012). The larvae stay in freshwater filter‐feeding in the sediment, and migrate to the sea after four to nine years (Renaud 2011)
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