Abstract
Summary Two topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva populations were studied in adjacent ponds in Northwest England to determine the influence of density on the expression of their life history traits. Initial introduction into one of these ponds had been in 2000, with establishment of an abundant population (density in March 2005: 6.1 ± 3.2 m−2). Their transfer into the adjacent pond only occurred during brief periods of seasonal connection; this population was of low abundance (density in March 2005: 0.6 ± 0.5 m−2) and was still colonising the pond at the time of sampling. In the low-density population, individuals were significantly faster growing, maturing earlier (generally in their first year of life) and more fecund at length and age (mean batch fecundity at 50 mm: 883 compared with 473 eggs). These traits were advantageous in maximising early life reproduction, facilitating their colonisation and population establishment, a process already completed in the high-density population.
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