Contrast-enhanced Coded Phase-inversion Harmonic Sonography of Knee Synovitis Correlates with Histological Vessel Density: 2 Automated Digital Quantifications

Abstract

To use contrast-enhanced coded phase-inversion harmonic B-mode sonography to assess the acoustic enhancement of the synovial area of the knee; and to compare the data with the histological vessel density. Eleven patients eligible for a knee arthroscopy were studied. Acoustic quantification was carried out by a digital image analysis program that detects the time-dependent increase [intensity (time) = k x time + C] of gray-level intensity in all the pixels of a specific region of interest (ROI) following intravenous injection of the microbubble contrast agent sulfur hexafluoride. Echo-guided synovial biopsies were carried out in the same ROI. Synovial vessel areas were quantified after Factor VIII immunostaining of synovial biopsies using an automated digital image analysis. Significant (p < 0.05) correlations were observed between histological vessel density and percentage of the synovial area with a k value > 0.01 (r = 0.93) and k(max) values (r = 0.79), as well as between the 2 latter parameters (r = 0.72). The histological vessel density and the 2 acoustic parameters were also significantly correlated with the logarithm of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.77, r = 0.87, r = 0.67, respectively) and with log C-reactive protein serum concentration (r = 0.69, r = 0.83, r = 0.62, respectively). Contrast-enhanced coded phase-inversion harmonic B-mode sonography coupled with an appropriate data analysis method is a new tool to identify and quantify vessel density in knee synovitis.