Contrast or hypothesis testing and introduction to linear regression analysis or least-squares fitting. Notes for phd students

Abstract

This article aims to show an integrative view of two of the statistical methodologies widely used in different academic and scientific disciplines, sometimes it being able to be complicated to understand, especially at the beginning of the university studies and the research career, it being an article focused on their theoretical understanding and application. The statistical hypothesis testing and the linear regression analysis or least-squares fitting are methodologies that are put into practice at different moments of the development of a university and scientific work,therefore, it is important to understand the bases that support them.