Contrast Media and Mechanical Power Injection

Abstract

Over 10 million radiological exams requiring intravenous (IV) injection of contrast media are performed in the United States each year, and the number is growing. Iodinated contrast media are commonly used to assess venous patency, assist in vascular access, and determine access device position and function. The majority of these procedures are completed without incident; however, IV injection of contrast media is not without risk. Power injection of contrast may accelerate or amplify some adverse effects. The American College of Radiology has published standards and guidelines for intravenous injection of contrast media. Poiseuille's law of laminar flow was addressed as an important concept in understanding the fluid mechanics involved in contrast media injection. The benefits and potential risks of mechanical power injectors were presented. Published studies of power injection through central venous access devices were summarized and discussed, including risks of off label use.