Abstract
Background and Aims: Worldwide many patients are receiving intravascular contrast media (CM) during interventional procedures. Contrast media are used to enhance visualization and guide percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).1 However, the use of CM also carries the risk of complications and it is important to be aware of these complications. Complications with CM range from mild symptoms to life-threatening conditions like anaphylaxis, hypotension and renal dysfunction and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of them which can have both short and long term consequences.2 This study aimed to know the incidence of CIN in our center and possible predictors associated with it.
 Methods: This is the single hospital based cross sectional observational study. Patients undergoing primary PCI were enrolled in the study. All the patients underwent thorough history taking and physical examination. Baseline required laboratory investigations were sent. Electrocardiogram and echocardiography screening was done before taking patient to primary PCI as per the protocol of the hospital.
 Results: The number of patients enrolled in the study was 83 out of which 65(78.2%) were males and mean age was 59.7±13.2. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) among the patients was 103.8±21.3. Almost 2/3rd of the population received intravenous fluids. Minimum contrast volume used was 50ml and maximum was 270. When absolute rise in creatinine was considered 12 (14.5%) had CIN and when percent rise was also considered total 28 (33.7%) had CIN. While evaluating the predictors of CIN, higher mean age (p=0.01), hypotension with mean MAP <60 mmhg (p=0.04)) and higher contrast volume >100ml (p=0.04) was found to be significant.
 Conclusion: The incidence of CIN in patients undergoing PPCI was similar to the studies done in other parts of the world. Evaluating the predictors of CIN, higher mean age, hypotension and higher contrast volume was the significant predictor.
Highlights
Worldwide many patients are receiving intravascular contrast media (CM) during interventional procedures
Electrocardiogram and echocardiography screening was done before taking patient to primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) as per the protocol of the hospital
The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing Primary PCI (PPCI) was similar to the studies done in other parts of the world
Summary
Worldwide many patients are receiving intravascular contrast media (CM) during interventional procedures. Improvements and effectiveness of PCI procedures have increased the number of patients receiving CM. Complications with CM range from mild symptoms to life-threatening conditions[2]. The mechanism of CIN is medullary hypoxia and acute tubular necrosis caused by increased adenosine, endothelin, free radical-induced vasoconstriction and a direct toxic effect of the contrast agent[5]. Contrast media are used to enhance visualization and guide percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Complications with CM range from mild symptoms to life-threatening conditions like anaphylaxis, hypotension and renal dysfunction and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of them which can have both short and long term consequences. This study aimed to know the incidence of CIN in our center and possible predictors associated with it
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