Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a relatively new approach for the definitive diagnosis of focal liver lesions (FLL). The essential advantages of CEUS are affordability, absence of radiation, and negligible nephrotoxicity-making this diagnostic approach more preferable.This review includes data from 39 different research studies published during the last 10 years, selected through the MeSH strategy in PubMed.We conclude that CEUS is a promising approach for diagnosing primary liver neoplasms and it is an excellent radiological approach for children and pregnant women because of the absence of radiation and nephrotoxicity. Studies showed that CEUS is a very good approach for the differentiation of a variety of hemangiomas and for a detailed description of those findings. Therefore, CEUS is an important and progressive method for the diagnosis of liver neoplasms. The regular use of CEUS will facilitate the diagnosis of primary liver lesions.
Highlights
BackgroundUltrasound is a cost-effective, real-time, widely available method for evaluating abdominal pathologies
We conclude that Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a promising approach for diagnosing primary liver neoplasms and it is an excellent radiological approach for children and pregnant women because of the absence of radiation and nephrotoxicity
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), on the other hand, which is performed with sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles, is a real-time diagnostic method that helps make a reliable diagnosis for different liver lesions, based on contrast enhancement during arterial phase portal venous and late phase [3]
Summary
Ultrasound is a cost-effective, real-time, widely available method for evaluating abdominal pathologies. In CEUS, different focal liver lesions have some unique patterns, like washout in malignancy, centrifugal (from center to periphery) enhancement of FNH, no enhancement of cysts, and centripetal (from the periphery to center) in adenomas. Color parameter imaging (CPI) is a new analysis software for CEUS, which helps in diagnosing some types of atypical hemangiomas, especially for differentiating from liver metastatic lesions, some atypical hemangiomas that have a rapid homogenous enhancement in the arterial phase. CEUS is an excellent diagnostic method even for many types of hemangiomas such as sclerosed, large, giant, and atypical hemangiomas Research comparing it with CT and MRI shows almost the same diagnostic value for primary focal liver lesions, but is cheaper and has a much lower waiting time. The study by Sirli et al, which comprised 238 diagnoses of hemangiomas and was followed for five years, has a higher scholarly value because of the larger sample size and longer duration of the study [2], in contrast to the study by Fang et al, where only 80 patients with hemangiomas were included [37]
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