Abstract
BackgroundTo retrospectively investigate the grey-scale, Doppler, contrast-enhanced and microvascular ultrasound of five patients with primary testicular lymphoma of our institute through review literature analysis.MethodsFrom January to November 2020, five patients with primary testicular lymphoma confirmed by histology were preoperatively investigated with a standardized sonographic protocol including contrast-enhanced and microvascular ultrasound.ResultsConventional ultrasound showed localized hypoechogenicity represented with solitary (2 of 5), multiple lesions (2 of 5), or entire testicular involvement (1 of 5). Increased blood flow appeared in color Doppler ultrasound with straight vascular sign (4 of 5). In contrast-enhanced ultrasound images confirmed this pattern (4 of 5) and presented hyper enhancement with enlarged range. On microvascular ultrasound imagings, all lesions were presented with straight and parallel course of intralesional vessels (5 of 5).ConclusionsHere, we identified an increased vascularity with enlarged range on contrast-enhanced ultrasound along with a linear nonbranching pattern by vascular sign on microvascular ultrasonographic of testicular lymphoma.
Highlights
Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a malignant tumor occurs in an immune-privileged site [1], which is a rare extra-nodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), accounts for approximately 9% of testicular tumors [2, 3]
We revealed that the PTL lesions presented by a hyper enhancement by enlarged range in Contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS) along with a nonbranching linear vascular pattern on microvascular US
We found that PTL showed a rapid hyper enhancement pattern, with enlarged range than that of prey-scale US
Summary
Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a malignant tumor occurs in an immune-privileged site [1], which is a rare extra-nodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), accounts for approximately 9% of testicular tumors [2, 3]. PTL is the most common bilateral testicular tumor and 6–15% of them have simultaneous bilateral involvement [4]. The majority sub type of PTL is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), rare sub types are mantle-cell, NK/T-cell and other T-cell lymphomas [2, 5, 6]. As an invasive malignant tumor with progression-free and low survival rate [2], PTL often occurs in the elderly and the median diagnosis age is 67 [7].
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