Abstract

교사연구공동체가 갖는 교육적 실천성과 의미는 과거부터 중요시 되어 왔으나 COVID-19를 계기로 교육방식의 변화와 교사 전문성이 강조되어 교사연구공동체가 더욱 주목받고 있다. 최근에는 전국 단위의 학교 밖 교사연구공동체의 설립과 운영이 이루어지고 있으나, 해당 공동체가 어떠한 모순과 갈등을 바탕으로 변화하는지에 대한 연구는 미진하다. 이에 따라, 본 연구는 Engeström의 제3세대 문화역사적 활동이론(CHAT)을 바탕으로 전국단위 학교 밖 교사연구공동체의 활동체제에 나타나는 모순과 변화를 관찰하여 교사연구공동체의 확장학습과정을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구 대상으로는 2016년부터 현재까지 운영되고 있는 교사연구공동체 ‘나누리(가칭)’를 선정하였으며, 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일반적으로 교사공동체에서 갈등과 모순은 부정적이거나 소거의 대상으로 여겨지나, 이는 활동과 변화의 동력으로 작용한다는 점에서 중요성을 지닌다. 둘째, 교사연구공동체의 구성원들이 주변적 참여 행태에서 중심적 역할로 발전하기 위해서는 활동 매개(도구, 공동체, 분업 등)의 적극적 활용이 요청된다. 셋째, 교사연구공동체의 성장은 일부 임원의 리더십에만 의존할 수 없고, 구성원들과의 동료성과 민주성의 발전과 비례한다. 이를 통해 보람, 정체성, 전문성이 동시에 신장할 때 공동체가 성장할 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 교사연구공동체의 확장학습 과정은 물론, 교사연구공동체가 갖는 교육적 의의와 사회적 기여에 대해 확인할 수 있었다. 이후 다양한 교사연구공동체에 대한 후속연구를 통해 공동체 자체의 성장은 물론 활동이론의 발전이 기대된다.The teachers’ professional community has been regarded as playing a crucial role in terms of educational practice and meaningfulness. In a emerging environment under the COVID-19 outbreak, teachers’ professional community is drawing more attention for the growth of teacher expertise in pedagogical methods. Recently, nationwide teacher learning community are often being established, but research that focuses on contradictions and development in the community has been overlooked. This study attempted to analyze the process of the expansive learning in an elementary teachers’ learning community by looking at the contradictions and changes in the activity system of it based on Engeström’s third generation Cultural-Historical Activity Theory(CHAT). For this, the authors selected a teacher learning community for elementary science teaching, called Nanuri, that has been in active since 2016. It was found that, first, contradictions and conflicts played a crucial role as a driving force for changes in activity structure as opposed to the ordinary perception that contradiction is harmful. Second, active use of mediation (tools, rules, division of labor, etc.) is required for the teacher learning community to bring members from peripheral participation to playing a central role. Third, the growth of teachers’ community is related to advancement of collegiality and democratic ethos among members rather than depending on the leadership of a few leading group. The development of teachers’ communities goes together with that of professionalism, and meanings of works and identity. This study attempted to show the educational significance and social contribution of teachers’ activity as well as how the expansive learning has evolved. It is expected that the follow-up research on various teachers’ professional communities would advance the teachers’ professionalism as well as theoretical development of CHAT.

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