CONTRADICTION BETWEEN MODERN AND CONSERVATIVE DIRECTION OF ARCHITECTURE

Abstract

The history of the development of architecture has shown that until the middle of the XIXth century, the expression of the plastic language of buildings was restrained by both the preferences of society and the material construction base. Industrial progress has reorganized the structural framework of buildings and the outer wall has ceased to accept the load of floors. In the XXth century it provided opportunities for an expanded stylistic diversity of architecture in the spirit of modernism. However, parallel to this, the processes of returning to the plastic language of architecture of the past took place wave-like. There are several reasons for this phenomenon.
 Firstly, there are ideological beliefs and interference of political forces in architecture. States with a totalitarian regime in the XXth century (Germany, Italy, the USSR) dictated their own conditions for proper life, rejecting the avant-garde and modernist trends. Secondly, there is a certain philosophical, intellectual attitude to reflection with the architecture of the past. The origin of this phenomenon comes from the United States, where modernism from the beginning of the XXth century to the 60s had been developing without non-stop. All of this led to some emotional fatigue and boredom, and as a result, the style of postmodernism appeared, where elements of historicism were rethought and introduced into modern architecture. The third reason for returning the vector of architecture development back to the past is lack of understanding of the trends and opportunities of modern architecture. In Ukraine, buildings are being built from reinforced concrete, with a free curtain facade, but the plastic language of architecture is expressed in an eclectic mix of different historical styles. This distortion of the essence of modern architecture can be explained by the inability of modern architects to keep up with the time. The fourth reason for the desire to return to the style of historicism is dictated by the historical environment of old cities, which, according to both society and architects, should be maintained in its context even if new buildings appear there or renovations are carried out.