Contractile Response of Human Anterior Vaginal Muscularis in Women With and Without Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the contractility of the anterior vaginal muscularis (AVM) from women with and without pelvic organ prolapse (POP). In vitro experiments were performed to measure the peak force generated in response to potassium chloride (KCl; 125 mmol/L) and phenylephrine by AVM tissue from women with and without POP. Cross-sectional areas and co-localization of α(1A) adrenergic receptor protein with smooth muscle α-actin in AVM strips were determined by histology and immunofluorescence, respectively. There were no differences in the mean amplitude of force generated in response to KCl normalized to either wet weight or muscle cross-sectional area (mN/mm(2)) between women with and without POP (P > .30). However, AVM from women with prolapse produced a significantly higher mean force to KCl normalized to total cross-sectional area compared to controls (P = .007). While the control samples demonstrated a consistent response to phenylephrine, there was no response to this stimulant generated by AVM tissue from women with POP. The proportion of co-localized α(1A) adrenergic receptors with smooth muscle α actin in AVM tissue was significantly less in women with POP compared to normal controls (P < .0001). Although there was significantly greater tissue stress generated by AVM from women with prolapse compared to controls, there were no differences in muscle stress. Absent response to phenylephrine by AVM from women with prolapse may be related to a lower expression of α(1A) adrenergic receptors in vaginal smooth muscle.