Abstract
Objective:The objective of this study was to assess the risk factors of pregnancy with Copper (Cu)T380A IUD and pregnancy outcomes.Methods:A retrospective study evaluating the risk factors and pregnancy outcomes of 81 patients who conceived with CuT380A IUD in situ.Results:Four ectopic pregnancies and 77 intrauterine pregnancies were detected. Twenty-six pregnancies (33.76%, 26/77) were terminated according to maternal desire. Twenty-five patients (32.46%, 25/77) whose IUDs were removed constituted the Removed IUD Group, and the remaining 26 patients constituted IUD Left in situ Group. Term pregnancy rates (76% vs. 20.8%, p=0.002) were significantly higher in the Removed IUD Group compared with the IUD Left in situ Group. Abortion rates (16% vs. 53.84%, p=0.008) were detected significantly higher in the IUD Left in situ Group.Conclusion:The main result of our study was that pregnancy with CuT380A in situ is a significant risk factor for adverse perinatal outcome. Adjusting the scheduled follow-ups for checking the IUD seems to be important in order to prevent accidental pregnancy.
Highlights
The intrauterine device (IUD) is the most widely used reversible method of contraception currently
Twenty-five patients (32.46%, 25/77) whose strings of IUDs are visible constituted the Removed IUD Group and the 26 patients (33.76%) constituted the IUD Left in situ Group
Term pregnancy rates (76% vs. 20.8%) were significantly higher in the Removed IUD Group, compared with the IUD Left in situ Group (p = 0.002, chi square test)
Summary
The intrauterine device (IUD) is the most widely used reversible method of contraception currently. The estimation is that 15% of the world’s women of reproductive age use it.[1] The prevalence of users among countries is widely variable, from 1.8% in Oceania to 27.0% in Asia.[2] Contraception with an intrauterine device is highly effective, long acting, and rapidly reversible after removal. Copper-containing IUDs continuously release a small amount of the metal and stimulate the formation of prostaglandins within the uterus. Intrauterine devices cause the formation of “biologic foam” within the uterine cavity, which has a toxic effect on sperm and ova and impairs implantation
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