Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current available literature on contraception for women with epilepsy, and to provide recommendations for women with epilepsy on enzyme-inducing anti-seizure drugs and on non-enzyme-inducing anti-seizure drugs. A recent study has confirmed the safety of the levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine device for women with epilepsy, with no effect on seizure control or anti-seizure drug levels. Other recent studies have found low serum etonogestrel or levonorgestrel levels in women on enzyme-inducing anti-seizure drugs and the etonogestrel or levonorgestrel implant, making this an unsuitable method for women on such drugs. Women with epilepsy have an especially compelling need to avoid unplanned pregnancy, as some common anti-seizure medications have teratogenic or detrimental neurocognitive effects on exposed children. Women on enzyme-inducing anti-seizure drugs and their physicians must be particularly aware of drug interactions with hormonal contraceptive methods.
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