Abstract
The aim was to evaluate ridge reduction and mucosal recession following immediate placement of ultra-wide implants in molar sockets, without bone grafting. Impressions were taken prior to tooth extraction, 4 months and 1 year after implant placement. The casts were digitized and compared. Mucosal recessions and horizontal ridge reduction were measured. A total of 16 implants were in the maxilla and 11 in the mandible. At the buccal aspect, there was a mean reduction of 0.94 mm after 4 months and 0.89 mm after one year (p = 0.933). At the palatal/lingual aspect, this was 1.09 mm after 4 months and 0.69 mm after 1 year (p = 0.001). After 1 year, a recession of 0.59 mm was measured at the zenith, 1.04 mm at the mesial and 0.98 mm at the distal papilla. The mean midfacial horizontal ridge reduction was 1.23 mm after 4 months and 1.45 mm after 1 year. At the midpalatal/midlingual aspect, the mean horizontal reduction was 1.43 mm after 4 months and 1.16 mm after 1 year. Immediate implant placement without bone grafting in the posterior jaw yields a significant horizontal ridge reduction and minor mucosal recession. Clinicians should anticipate the amount of ridge reduction and consider augmentation at the time of implant placement.
Highlights
Alveolar bone develops in relation to tooth eruption
It is well recognized that as a result of tooth removal, alveolar bone undergoes atrophic changes that result in horizontal and vertical reduction of crestal dimensions due to loss of the periodontal ligament and resorption of bundle bone in the tooth socket [1,2,3]. These changes lead to reduced bone volume for the potential placement of dental implants and might create both functional and aesthetic challenges during the restorative treatment [4]
There are other factors that could play a role in the residual amount of bone volume, after tooth extraction
Summary
Alveolar bone develops in relation to tooth eruption. It is well recognized that as a result of tooth removal, alveolar bone undergoes atrophic changes that result in horizontal and vertical reduction of crestal dimensions due to loss of the periodontal ligament and resorption of bundle bone in the tooth socket [1,2,3]. Most of the inevitable alveolar socket remodeling [1,3,5] following tooth removal, occurs within the first 6 months [1], but further resorption of bone continues progressively albeit at a slower rate throughout life, leading to further changes in the anatomy of both jaws [6,7,8] This process reduces the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the edentulous ridge, but the buccal aspect is affected to a greater degree [3,9,10]. It is assumed that alveolar bone remodeling is affected by various simultaneous factors, and its magnitude is patient, site and time dependent [19]
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