Abstract
A continuum description is introduced for an elastic solid which contains particles that undergo an irreversible stress-induced dilatant transformation. The behaviors of the composite solid considered range from abrupt complete transformation at a critical mean stress to strain controlled transformation at constant stress. It is useful to define and distinguish between super-critically and sub-critically transforming materials. Stress and strain fields in the transformation zone at the tip of a macroscopic crack are determined for stationary and growing cracks. The near-tip stress intensity factor is related to the applied stress intensity factor. Toughening is associated with crack advance and is due to the wake of transformed particles which are left behind a quasi-statically advancing crack-tip. Detailed calculations for the toughening are made over a wide range of possible material parameters.
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