Abstract
This chapter introduces first the basic equations of plasticity theory. The yield condition, the flow rule, and the hardening rule are introduced. After deriving and presenting these equations for the one-dimensional stress and strain state, the equations are generalized for a two-component \(\sigma \)-\(\tau \) stress state. Based on these basic equations, the concept of effective stress and strain as well as the elasto-plastic modulus is introduced. The chapter finishes with an introduction to two different damage concepts, i.e. the Lemaitre and Gurson damage model, which are derived for the one-dimensional case.
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