Abstract
Depressed tubular cladding waveguides have been produced in Nd:GGG crystals by using multiple inscription with femtosecond (fs) laser pulses. The guiding cores are located inside the tubular regions with cross-section diameters of 90-150 μm, which are surrounded by fs-laser induced low-refractive-index tracks. At room temperature continuous wave (cw) laser oscillations at wavelength of ~1063 nm have been realized through the optical pump at 808 nm. The slope efficiency of the cladding waveguide lasers is as high as 44.4% and the maximum output power at 1063 nm is 209 mW, which shows superior laser performance to the Type II stress induced Nd:GGG waveguides.
Highlights
Femtosecond laser inscription has been proved to be a powerful and unique technique to fabricate optical waveguides in various transparent optical materials [1,2,3,4]
Depressed tubular cladding waveguides have been produced in Nd:GGG crystals by using multiple inscription with femtosecond laser pulses
The guiding cores are located inside the tubular regions with crosssection diameters of 90-150 μm, which are surrounded by fs-laser induced low-refractive-index tracks
Summary
Femtosecond (fs) laser inscription has been proved to be a powerful and unique technique to fabricate optical waveguides in various transparent optical materials [1,2,3,4]. By using the active waveguides produced by the inscription of fs laser pulses, people have developed efficient micro-laser systems in a couple of laser materials, such as Tm:ZBLAN glasses [6], Yb:bismuthate glass [7], rare-earth ion doped YAG crystals [8,9,10], ceramics [11,12], and vanadate crystals [13,14]. The laser oscillations or nonlinear responses of these crystalline cladding waveguides have shown excellent performances
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