Abstract
Cerium salt of phosphotungstic acid (CeTPA) supported on commercially silica gel pellets (SGP) catalysts were prepared for continuous synthesis of ethyl levulinate in a fixed-bed reactor. The characterization of the catalysts obtained from N2 sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (NH3-TPD) revealed that the heteropolyacid salts basically kept its Keggin structure and Ce was present in the presence of Ce3+ on the catalyst, the catalytic activity are related to acidity and the dispersion of CeTPA on SGP. The catalyst with 30% CeTPA/SGP showed high catalytic activity with about 98.5% levulinic acid conversion and 99.5% selectivity for ethyl levulinate for 50h of Time on stream at the optimum conditions.
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