Abstract
Pine trees in Indonesia are largely of the pine mercusii species which typically give turpentine that contains about 82% a-pinene, 12% carene and is balanced with numerous other components such as camphene, B-pinene and limonene. When treated with water in the presence of an acetic acid catalyst, a-pinene is hydrated to become a complex mixture of monoterpenes, alcohol and hydrocarbons, although a-terpineol predominates. This a-terpineol is a valuable compound which is widely used as a fragrant substance in the cosmetic industry as an anti fungal agent in the pharmaceutical industry, a disinfectant, an odorant in the cleaning industry and as a mineral flotation agent in the mining industry. A conventional configuration for this hydration process involves two steps, chemical reaction of a-pinene in a reactor followed by a separation step in a distillation column. In this experiment, we combined both chemical reactions and separation by distillation in a reactive distillation column to reduce the production and operating cost. Steady state condition, feed plate position, pressure and volumetric ratio of a-pinene and CAA solution were investigated to study the effect of using this method. A certain ratio of 87% weight of ?-pinene and 5.3 M Choloroacetic Acid (CAA) solution as a catalyst were inputted to the reactive distillation column. The result shows that the highest purity of a-terpineol is 38.89 % weight.
Highlights
Turpentine is an essential oil obtained from pine trees
Pine trees in Indonesia consist largely of the pine mercusii species, which typically give turpentine that contains about 82% α-pinene, 12% carene and is balanced with numerous other components such as camphene, β-pinene and limonene
The reactive distillation column was operated at the total reflux, so the top product was returned to the column
Summary
Turpentine is an essential oil obtained from pine trees. It is one of the most important substances with many applications, being widely used as a solvent in chemical industries, resins and as an ingredient in paints (Zinkel & Russel, 1989). A substantial portion of these forest’s resources is regularly tapped in to produce oleo pine rosin which is later processed in factories located close to the tapping in and collection centers across the island of Java to produce gum rosin and turpentine. It is well known that turpentine cannot be used directly to make any derivatives since it contains several components, depending on the species of pine trees. Purified α-pinene can be obtained by vacuum-fractional distillation of turpentine that has to reach 97% purity (Budiman, 2009)
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