Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of blood glucose concentration (BGC) on in vivo human skin optical properties after oral intake of different sugars. In vivo optical properties of human skin were measured with a spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Experimental results show that increase of BGC causes a decrease in the skin attenuation coefficient. And the maximum decrements in mean attenuation coefficient of skin tissue after drinking glucose, sucrose and fructose solution are 47.0%, 36.4% and 16.5% compared with that after drinking water, respectively (p < 0.05). The results also show that blood glucose levels of the forearm skin tissue are delayed compared with finger-stick blood glucose, and there are significant differences in the time delays after oral intake of different sugars. The time delay between mean attenuation coefficient and BGC after drinking glucose solution is evidently larger than that after drinking sucrose solution, and that after drinking sucrose solution is larger than that after drinking fructose solution. Our pilot studies indicate that OCT technique is capable of non-invasive, real-time, and sensitive monitoring of skin optical properties in human subjects during oral intake of different sugars.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus, often referred to as diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar
The Optical coherence tomography (OCT) signal intensity in human skin after drinking fructose solution is nearly the same with that after drinking water at 50 min, and there is merely small difference in the OCT signal intensity between group D and group A in the depth range of 800 to 1200 um at the same time. These differences in the OCT signal intensity in human skin between control group and experimental group were mainly caused by the differences in blood glucose concentration after oral different sugars intake
Our results demonstrate that increase of blood glucose concentration (BGC) causes a decrease in the skin attenuation coefficient, and the results show significant differences in changing trends of mean attenuation coefficients after oral intake of different sugars compared with that after drinking water, respectively
Summary
Often referred to as diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar. There are a few dozen commercialized devices for detecting blood glucose levels [2]. This high blood sugar will often cause symptoms of frequent urination, increased hunger and increased thirst. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease with pancreatic islet beta cell destruction. This results in the inability to maintain glucose homoeostasis. Susceptibility to Type 1 largely inherited, but there are environmental triggers that are not fully understood. Of those with Type 1 diabetes, 50-60% of patients are under 18 years of age [3].
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