Abstract
Gravitational waves astronomy allows us to study objects and events invisible in electromagnetic waves. It is crucial to validate the theories and models of the most mysterious and extreme matter in the Universe: the neutron stars. In addition to inspirals and mergers of neutrons stars, there are currently a few proposed mechanisms that can trigger radiation of long-lasting gravitational radiation from neutron stars, such as e.g., elastically and/or magnetically driven deformations: mountains on the stellar surface supported by the elastic strain or magnetic field, free precession, or unstable oscillation modes (e.g., the r-modes). The astrophysical motivation for continuous gravitational waves searches, current LIGO and Virgo strategies of data analysis and prospects are reviewed in this work.
Highlights
Gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy has been one of the fastest-growing fields in astrophysics since the first historical detection of a binary black-hole (BH) system GW150814 [1]
This review focuses on the long-duration continuous gravitational waves (CGWs), for the sake of completeness, in the remainder of this section, we will provide a brief description of the tidal deformability effect imprinted on the GWs emitted during the last orbits of a binary neutron stars (NSs) coalescence
As shown in [256], initial amplitude of such oscillations for the Galactic proto–neutron star (PNS) should be larger than h0 & 10−22 that it is detectable by the LIGO and Virgo Collaborations (LVC), what is marginally consistent with numerical studies of the axisymmetric collapse of the core of a massive star [257]
Summary
Gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy has been one of the fastest-growing fields in astrophysics since the first historical detection of a binary black-hole (BH) system GW150814 [1]. In addition to studying the nature of gravitation itself, it may be used to infer information about the astrophysical sources emitting the GWs. This review concentrates on a specific kind of prospective GWs: persistent (continuous) gravitational waves (CGWs), emitted by neutron stars (NSs). Following sections describe the main CGWs emission mechanisms: elastic deformations (Section 2), magnetic field (Section 3), oscillations (Section 4), free precession (Section 5).
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