Continuous glucose monitoring technologies: state of the art and future perspectives in view of artificial pancreas

Abstract

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) - a relatively new and rapidly developing technology of optimization glycemic control in patients with diabetes. The efficiency of the use of CGM for improving glycemic level in many clinical situations (asymptomatic hypoglycemia, high blood glucose variability, etc.). In the long term, CGM treated as a mandatory component of the «artificial pancreas» - an insulin pump with a closed-loop control infusion of insulin depending on the concentration of glucose in the blood. However, the modern technology such as CGM could not be used, as a data source to control closed-loop insulin pump (artificial pancreas), because of the significant limitations and lack of precision. In further development of technologies CGM, obviously, will address three main objectives: increased service life of sensors for the detection of glucose, improving the accuracy of measurement results and ease of use for patients. This article describes the main technological solutions of modern devices for CGM and promising directions for further developments in this field, their potential advantages and disadvantages, including in the light of the prospects for further integrating them into an «artificial pancreas».