Continuous flow immunosensor for highly selective and real-time detection of sub-ppb levels of 2-hydroxybiphenyl by using surface plasmon resonance imaging

Abstract

A biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is developed for the detection of 2-hydroxybiphenyl (HBP). A monoclonal antibody against HBP (abbreviated hereafter as HBP-mAb) is developed and used for the detection of HBP by competitive SPR-based immunoassay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. A novel HBP-hapten compound, HBP–bovine serum albumin conjugate (HBP–BSA), derived by binding several HBP units with BSA by an aliphatic chain spacer is used in the development of antibody and for the functionalization of immunoprobes. HBP–BSA linked to the Au surface of the SPR sensor chip undergoes inhibitive immunoreaction with HBP-mAb in the presence of free HBP. The SPR-based immunoassay provides a rapid determination (response time: ∼20 min) of the concentration of HBP in the range of 0.1–1000 ppb (ng/ml). Regeneration of the sensor chip is gained by treating the antibody-anchored SPR sensor chip with a pepsin solution (100 ppm (μg/ml); pH 2.0) for few minutes. The SPR sensor chip is reusable for the detection of HBP for more than 20 cycles with average loss of 0.35% reactivity per regeneration step. HBP concentration is determined as low as 0.1 and 3 ppb using the SPR sensor and ELISA measurements, respectively. The developed SPR sensor for HBP is free from interference by coexisting benzo[ a]pyrene (BaP), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and benz[ a]anthracene; SPR angle shift obtained to the flow of HBP is almost same irrespective to the presence or absence of a same concentration of these carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons together. The SPR sensor for HBP is proved to be applicable in simultaneous detection of HBP and BaP in parallel with another SPR sensor for BaP.