Abstract
Many scientific efforts have been undertaken toward reducing the Co content in LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 cathode materials for thin-film batteries. In this study, we present cathodes with a wide range of Li(Ni, Mn, Co)O2 compositions to determine the material with the best electrochemical performance by changing the ratio of Ni to Mn at a fixed 0.1 at.% of Co by the continuous composition spread sputtering method. The cathode composition measurements by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy show that the best electrochemical performance is obtained for a composition of Ni:Mn:Co = 19:71:10. The reasons for this improved electrochemical performance are further investigated by X-ray diffraction, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy.
Highlights
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have revolutionized the use of portable devices and impacted our daily life since their creation in 1991 by Sony Inc. [1,2]
LIBs are used in countless applications, including mobile phones, portable computers, electric vehicles, and energy storage system for harvesting [5,6,7], due to their specific power and power density [8]
We explored a wide range of composition gradients to achieve the best electrochemical performance by changing the ratio of Ni to Mn at a fixed 0.1 at.% of Co by using continuous composition spread (CCS) sputtering with LiMn0.9 Co0.1 O2 and LiNi0.9 Co0.1 O2 targets in order to minimize drawbacks from the high cost and toxicity of cobalt
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have revolutionized the use of portable devices and impacted our daily life since their creation in 1991 by Sony Inc. [1,2]. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have revolutionized the use of portable devices and impacted our daily life since their creation in 1991 by Sony Inc. 180 Wh/kg) at a voltage of 3.8 V (five times higher) compared with lead-acid batteries [3,4]. The lead-acid free, high energy density, and compact nature of LIBs have given them a tremendous edge over their predecessor. It is almost impossible to imagine daily life without LIBs. LIBs are used in countless applications, including mobile phones, portable computers, electric vehicles, and energy storage system for harvesting [5,6,7], due to their specific power and power density [8]. High stability, capacity, and power have become significant factors for batteries, and cost is an important issue. New materials for positive and negative electrodes that can resolve these compelling issues have been studied extensively by researchers [9,10]
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