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Abstract
Measurement of blood pressure (BP) during sleep is gaining in importance for clinical and scientific reasons. Diagnosis and follow-up of arterial hypertension requires BP measurement during sleep. Further, continuous BP measurements are necessary to elucidate the pathogenesis of sleep disturbances (e.g., sleep apnea), which are related to arterial hypertension. This review gives a short overview about cuff-based methods and methods for continuous and non-invasive BP measurement with a focus on sleep. The emphasis of this review is on the indirect measurement of BP using the pulse transit time (PTT). This method is based on the functional relation between arterial wall stiffness, pulse wave velocity, and BP. It can be used for absolute BP measurement when combined with calibration. Recent validation and application studies of the BP measurement using the PTT suggest that this method can in principle be used for BP monitoring during sleep. It opens the possibility to study the control of BP during sleep.
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