Abstract
T HE CHEMICAL REVOLUTION has generally been regarded as the very paradigm of a scientific revolution. It was recognized as a revolution in its own time and has been so viewed by subsequent generations of historians and scientists. Although Joseph Priestley opposed Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier's innovations, he spoke for many of his contemporaries when, in 1796, he observed that there have been few, if any, revolutions in science so great, so sudden, and so general, as the prevalence of what is now usually termed the new system of chemistry, or that of the Antiphlogistians, over the doctrine of Stahl. Attentive to the conjunction of the Chemical Revolution with the American and French revolutions, proponents and opponents of the oxygen theory shared an exhilarating sense of living in an age of revolutions, philosophical as well as civil.' The eighteenth-century
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