Continuing professional development for pharmacists in three countries with developing health systems

Abstract

IntroductionThe role of pharmacists in healthcare is undergoing transformation throughout the world. The continuing professional development (CPD) model has motivated pharmacists in developed countries to adopt lifelong learning. This is vital to improve competence and to optimize patient care. This study aimed to explore the existence and understanding of CPD in Ghana, Pakistan, and Trinidad and Tobago, the barriers faced in development of a CPD model, and probable policies needed to build/improve such a model. MethodsAudiotaped qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted, transcribed, and coded with pharmacy stakeholders, including academics, community pharmacists, and regulatory professionals. A thematic analysis of the transcribed data led to the extraction of the main themes. ResultsThe findings showed a process of establishment of CPD for pharmacists in Ghana, whereas in Pakistan, Trinidad, and Tobago there was no CPD model. ConclusionsThese findings indicate the need for a realistic, relevant, and mandatory program of CPD in these countries.