Abstract

The built heritage began to be seen not only as a real estate property and an object of cultural value but also as a multifaceted and multidimensional cultural good in the second half of the 20th century. It has increasingly attracted the interests of economists, who attempted to measure not only its economic impact, but also the total economic value. The spectrum of the categories of the economic value of the built heritage and the valuation methods applied has expanded in the course of time. Currently it encompasses market and nonmarket economic values and numerous valuation techniques based on the stated and revealed data, including the Contingent Valuation method (CVm). The number of contingent valuation (CV) studies aimed at valuing the non-market benefits of the built heritage in developed and developing countries is growing. However, the post-communist transition countries are quite an exception. The applications of the CVm in the developing countries have demonstrated that the sociocultural context must be taken into account and the special measures must be applied in order to get the reliable results. This sensitivity of the CVm to the sociocultural context encourages analyzing the peculiarities of its application in the post-communist transition countries. The main aim of the article is to determine the peculiarities of the social environment of the post-communist transition countries and their possible influence on the CV results. The findings of the research can be useful not only to the fields of CV survey design and benefit transfer, but also to the broad and rapidly developing field of the post-communist studies, for the better understanding the hidden values and potential of the built heritage properties, and the sustainable management of the built environment. Santrauka Antrojoje XX a. pusėje nekilnojamasis kultūros paveldas patraukė ekonomikos srityje dirbančių mokslininkų dėmesį. Bandoma įvertinti ne tik ekonominę paveldo įtaką, bet ir bendrąją jo ekonominę vertę. Laiku bėgant buvo nustatytas platus nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo teikiamų ekonominių verčių spektras ir plėtojami vertinimo metodai joms nustatyti. Šiuo metu pripažįstama, kad nekilnojamasis kultūros paveldas gali teikti ne tik rinkos, bet ir ne rinkos ekonomines vertes, kurioms nustatyti taikoma nemažai vertinimo metodų, grindžiamų tiek egzistuojančiais rinkų duomenimis, tiek sociologinių apklausų teikiamais duomenimis. Vienas tokių metodų – numatomojo vertinimo metodas. Šis metodas vis plačiau taikomas nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo ne rinkos vertėms nustatyti tiek išsivysčiusiose, tiek besivystančiose šalyse. Visgi pereinamąjį laikotarpį išgyvenančios postkomunistinės valstybės šiuo požiūriu yra išimtis. Numatomojo vertinimo metodo taikymo besivystančiose valstybėse patirtis parodė, kad, taikant šį metodą, būtina įvertinti sociokultūrinį vietos kontekstą ir imtis papildomų priemonių siekiant vertinimo rezultatų patikimumo ir tikslumo. Sociokultūrinio konteksto įtaka numatomojo vertinimo metodo taikymo galimybėms skatina paanalizuoti šio metodo taikymo ypatumus postkomunistinėse valstybėse. Straipsnio tikslas – išskirti pereinamojo laikotarpio postkomunistinių valstybių socialinės aplinkos ypatumus ir nustatyti galimą jų įtaką numatomojo vertinimo metodo taikymo galimybėms. Tyrimo rezultatai gali būti naudingi ne tik toliau tobulinant numatomojo vertinimo metodą, bet ir sparčiai plėtojamai postkomunistinių studijų sričiai ir siekiant darnaus užstatytos aplinkos vystymosi.

Highlights

  • Organizers, aims, completion guidelinesAttitudinal survey Attitudes towards Lithuanian built heritage and its preservation:I hypothetical program: preservation of manor residencies of Kaunas RegionDescription of the current situation of Lithuanian built heritage and manor residencies of Kaunas regionHypothetical scenarioValuation questionsQuestions aimed at eliciting reasons of agreement and disagreement to pay Control questions: attitudes towards the feasibility of the hypothetical program and consequences of its implementation and non-implementation contingent valuation (CV) surveyII hypothetical program: preservation of Raudondvaris manor residenceDescription of the current situation of Raudondvaris manor residenceComparison of alternative scenarios of preservation of Raudondvaris manor residence

  • The applications of the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) in the developing countries have demonstrated that the sociocultural context must be taken into account and the special measures must be applied in order to get the reliable results

  • 4 respondents indicated the reluctance to pay for the preservation of the private built heritage objects as the main reasons of their unwillingness to pay for the implementation of the I program

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Summary

Context-sensitivity of the CVM

Throsby (2002) makes a clear distinction between the economic and cultural impulses and behaviors of the individuals: the economic impulse is individualistic and reflects the individual goals; the cultural impulse is collective and reflects the collective goals deriving from the nature of culture as the beliefs, aspirations, and the identification of a group. The analysis of the interactions between these two impulses or behaviors is especially relevant in the field of the economic valuation of the built cultural heritage. The insights from the social theory of value can be useful in this field It states that the economic value is a socially constructed phenomenon and its analysis cannot be isolated from the social context (Throsby, 2002). Considering that, it is possible to presume that the hypothetical WTP for the preservation of the built heritage object as an individualistic impulse can be influenced by the social environment i.e. by the collective impulse (Figure 1). Alberini and Cooper (2000) indicate that it may be challenging to describe the unfamiliar good under valuation, such as technological improvements, to the respondents of the developing countries The knowledge about the good under valuation is of crucial importance for the successful application of the CVM. Alberini and Cooper (2000) indicate that it may be challenging to describe the unfamiliar good under valuation, such as technological improvements, to the respondents of the developing countries

Post-communist transition countries and their social environment
The model
The case study and survey instrument
Introduction
Conclusive part
The results and discussion
B program
Conclusions
Findings
The results of the survey suggest two directions for the future research
Full Text
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