Abstract
The first magnetic observations at sea included the west coast of India, during the voyage of Joao de Castro, 1538–1541 (Hellman, 1897). He sailed around the Cape of Good Hope, up the west coast of India and into the Red Sea, making 43 determinations of declination. After this cruise the Indian Ocean did not attract much attention except for its partial coverage by the nonmagnetic vessels GALILEE (1905–1908), CARNEGIE (1909–1929), and the Russian ship ZARYA (1956-1961). Systematic investigations since then have been conducted by various agencies under the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) during 1961–1965, and by a U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey global expedition on OCEANOGRAPHER in 1967. Investigations till the end of the IIOE program have been reviewed by Narain et al. (1968) and deal mainly with geophysical investigations on the continental shelf and slope.
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