Abstract
The audience to whom the Wife of Bath may have come as something of a shock was an audience conditioned by over two hundred years of familiarity with French and Latin as the languages of prestige literature in England. Even before 1066, England’s links with the Continent were strong. The spread of Christianity had created an international community of shared belief, the Holy Roman Empire, so that different countries speaking different languages were united in their allegiance to Church and Empire. Messengers travelled to and from the Emperor and the Pope and all Christian countries in their domain, royal families intermarried, scholars and artists moved between different European courts and pilgrims travelled to shrines all over the continent.KeywordsThirteenth CenturyFourteenth CenturyTwelfth CenturyEnglish CourtRoyal FamilyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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