Continental Earthquakes in China and Loss Implications: Comparison of the 2014 Ludian Ms 6.5 and the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquakes

Abstract

China suffers severe continental earthquakes. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0) and the 2014 Ludian earthquake (Ms 6.5) are two representative examples from the modern era. The Wenchuan earthquake caused considerable economic losses, and the Ludian earthquake caused unexpected losses with only moderate magnitude. Based on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), this paper first calculates aggregated disaster losses and the contributions of three factors: number of deaths or missing persons, number of people affected, and direct economic losses. Then, the losses per unit energy released or area affected are calculated for each earthquake to investigate which of the two earthquakes caused more damage. The paper finishes by investigating the implications and revealing three results. (1) The Wenchuan earthquake induced more damage than the Ludian earthquake, but the latter had relatively higher losses per unit energy than the former. (2) Injuries and affected people contributed most to the total losses for each earthquake, more than fatalities or direct damage. This outcome means that unnoticed aspects have the most severe disaster impacts. In addition, long-term impacts of earthquakes are more serious than usually acknowledged, and more attention needs to be paid to these. (3) The damage from moderate earthquakes can exceed expectations, meaning that disaster mitigation policies in all regions are necessary, regardless of the degree of anticipated hazard.