Continent Urinary Diversion

Abstract

From August 1982 through March 1988, 531 patients have undergone continent urinary diversion using an ileal reservoir constructed according to the method of Kock. For the last 18 months we have used the principle of Kock reservoir construction for primary lower urinary tract reconstruction after cystectomy in 39 highly selected male patients by means of a ureteroileal urethrostomy.Early complications occurred in 86 of 531 patients (16.2 per cent), resulting in an operative mortality rate of 1.9 per cent (10 of 531). The early complication rate was 16.5 per cent among patients undergoing 1-stage cystectomy and Kock pouch construction, and 15.2 per cent among patients undergoing Kock pouch conversion.Late complications have been analyzed in 489 patients who have undergone Kock cutaneous diversion. The complications unique to continent urinary diversion, their incidence and the effect of technical modifications in reducing the number of late complications are shown. Note that since the last modification in July 1985 the over-all incidence of late complication has decreased to 22 per cent.Based on this ongoing experience we conclude that the continent ileal reservoir, as conceived by Kock, remains the ideal internal reservoir for bladder replacement in terms of volume accommodation with the lowest internal pressures, and the intussuscepted ileal nipple valve mechanism is a reproducible, highly effective mechanism that prevents reflux and pyelonephritis in greater than 95 per cent of the patients and produces excellent continence. Our enthusiasm remains tempered by the need for reoperation in approximately 10 to 15 per cent of the patients, usually due to a pinhole fistula or false passage at the base of the efferent nipple valve mechanism. Electrolyte abnormalities rarely occur and in the absence of radiation gastrointestinal dysfunction is unusual. Continent urinary diversion is a viable concept that provides a real alternative in terms of quality of life and self-image for the patient who requires urinary diversion for any reason.