Abstract
Nuclei segmentation is fundamental and crucial for analyzing histopathological images. Generally, a pathological image contains tens of thousands of nuclei, and there exists clustered nuclei, so it is difficult to separate each nucleus accurately. Challenges against blur boundaries, inconsistent staining, and overlapping regions have adverse effects on segmentation performance. Besides, nuclei from various organs appear quite different in shape and size, which may lead to the problems of over-segmentation and under-segmentation. In order to capture each nucleus on different organs precisely, characteristics about both nuclei and boundaries are of equal importance. Thus, in this article, we propose a contextual mixing feature Unet (CMF-Unet), which utilizes two parallel branches, nuclei segmentation branch and boundary extraction branch, and mixes complementary feature maps from two branches to obtain rich and integrated contextual features. To ensure good segmentation performance, a multiscale kernel weighted module (MKWM) and a dense mixing feature module (DMFM) are designed. MKWM, used in both nuclei segmentation branch and boundary extraction branch, contains a multiscale kernel block to fully exploit characteristics of images and a weight block to assign more weights on important areas, so that the network can extract discriminative information efficiently. To fuse more beneficial information and get integrated feature maps, the DMFM mixes the feature maps produced by the MKWM from two branches to gather both nuclei information and boundary information and links the feature maps in a densely connected way. Because the feature maps produced by the MKWM and DMFM are both sent into the decoder part, segmentation performance can be enhanced effectively. We test the proposed method on the multi-organ nuclei segmentation (MoNuSeg) dataset. Experiments show that the proposed method not only performs well on nuclei segmentation but also has good generalization ability on different organs.
Highlights
Histopathology is one of the most important branches in medical care area, which studies and diagnoses various diseases by examining cells or tissues under a microscope.(Deng et al, 2020)
We propose a contextual mixing feature Unet to solve the multi-organ nuclei segmentation task
In the encoder parts, kernels with different sizes can be used to fully exploit an image, and more weights can be assigned on nuclei regions and boundary areas. In view of these considerations, we propose a contextual mixing feature Unet with a multiscale kernel weighted module and a dense mixing feature module
Summary
Histopathology is one of the most important branches in medical care area, which studies and diagnoses various diseases by examining cells or tissues under a microscope.(Deng et al, 2020). Histopathologists are those who are in charge of analyzing histology images, looking for changes in cells and helping clinicians manage patient care. In order to help doctors work efficiently, automatic nuclei segmentation by computer technology is indispensable, which can display the distribution and structure of nuclei, saving precious time for doctors to focus on key or tough parts, and provide doctors with consultative opinions, such as the type of disease or disease grading
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