Abstract
The vitamin-A metabolite retinoic acid normally favours immune tolerance in the gut. But in coeliac disease — an intestinal inflammatory disorder due to adverse reactivity to a dietary protein — it may do just the opposite. See Letter p.220 The vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid is shown to act synergistically with the cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15) to induce IL-12p70 production by intestinal dendritic cells, thereby promoting an inflammatory T-cell response to dietary antigens. IL-15 is upregulated in the guts of patients with coeliac disease, and this new work points to a previously unknown involvement of IL-15 and retinoic acid in promoting an inflammatory immune response to gluten.
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