Context-dependent Changes in the Weighting of Environmental Cues That Initiate Breeding in a Temperate Passerine, the Corsican Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus)

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Birds use local environmental cues to fine-tune the timing of egg laying such that the nestling period normally coincides with the local peak in food availability. Ambient temperature, vegetation phenology, and insect phenology are often considered the most likely cues, but no previous studies have explicitly compared and partitioned their relative effects. We used confirmatory path analyses and a long-term study of Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) to identify and measure the relative weighting of the causal paths that link laying date to spring phenology and temperature in deciduous and evergreen oak forests on Corsica. Path analysis showed that the effects of temperature and vegetation phenology vary between forest types and season. In deciduous oak forest, where females lay eggs early in spring, phenology of vegetation or insects sets the laying date. In evergreen oak forest, where breeding occurs later in the season, females shift from a predominantly phenology-based cue system to a predomina...